An ac amplifier is always used to supply voltage, current, and/or power to some  kind of load connected to its output. […]

In Chapter 10. we  i<:cussed the fact that the lower cutoff frequency of a single amplifier stage is influenced by as

In Chapter 4. we studied the de, l siettc, characteristics of transistors and used these to determine the dc output voltages

In m xlcrn electronic circuits, discrete sransistors are used primarily for applications in -hich only one c,· a small number of

Transistors are widely used in digital logic circuits and switching applications similar to those described in Chapter 3. Recall that the

Figure 4-39 shows common-collector bias circuits for NPN and PNP transistors. Once again, the load line for Figure 4-39(a) can be

In many applications, a single amplifier cannot furnish all the gain that is required to drive a particular kind of load.

In the third and final way to arrange the biasing of a transistor, the collector is made the common point. The

Function generators capable of producing sinusoidal, triangular, and rectangular waveforms are commercially available in integrated-circuit form. An example is the 8038, manufactured

Common-emitter output characteristics show collector current I( versus collector voltage Vo:, for different fixed values of 11/. These characteristics are often